HƯỚNG DẪN BÀI THI CHỨNG CHỈ QUỐC TẾ LINUX LPIC 2

LPIC 2 là chứng chỉ thứ hai trong chương trình chứng chỉ chuyên nghiệp của Viện Linux Professional (LPI).
LPIC 2 sẽ xác nhận khả năng của ứng viên trong việc quản trị hệ thống mạng hỗn hợp vừa và nhỏ.

- Mã bài thi: 201-450 và 202-450

- Điều kiện tiên quyết: Ứng viên cần có chứng nhận LPIC 1 để nhận chứng nhận LPIC 2 . Nhưng có thể làm bài thi LPIC 1 và LPIC 2 theo bất kỳ thứ tự nào.

Tham khảo hướng dẫn bài thi chứng chỉ quốc tế LPIC 1 tại: https://bkacad.edu.vn/huong-dan-bai-thi-chung-chi-quoc-te-linux-lpi-1-n1718.html

- Yêu cầu: Ứng viên thi đạt bài thi 201 và 202. Mỗi bài kiểm tra kéo dài 90 phút gồm 60 câu hỏi trắc nghiệm và điền vào chỗ trống.

- Hiệu lực chứng chỉ: 5 năm

- Giá thi: 165$

- Voucher giảm giá thi: Có

- Ngôn ngữ cho kỳ thi trực tiếp: Tiếng Anh, Tiếng Đức, Tiếng Nhật, Tiếng Bồ Đào Nha (Brazil)

- Ngôn ngữ cho kỳ thi Online qua VUE: Tiếng Anh, Tiếng Nhật

- Để đạt được chứng chỉ LPIC-2, ứng viên phải có khả năng :

• Thực hiện quản trị hệ thống nâng cao, bao gồm các tác vụ chung liên quan đến hạt nhân Linux, khởi động và bảo trì hệ thống;
• Thực hiện Quản lý nâng cao các hệ thống lưu trữ khối và tập tin cũng như mạng lưới và xác thực và bảo mật hệ thống tiên tiến, bao gồm tường lửa và VPN;
• Cài đặt và cấu hình các dịch vụ mạng cơ bản, bao gồm DHCP, DNS, SSH, máy chủ Web, máy chủ tệp sử dụng FTP, NFS và Samba, gửi email; và giám sát các trợ lý và tư vấn cho ban quản lý về tự động hóa và mua hàng.

1. Mục tiêu chi tiết bài thi 201

1.1. Topic 200: Capacity Planning

- 200.1 Measure and Troubleshoot Resource Usage (weight: 6)

• Measure CPU usage.

• Measure memory usage.

• Measure disk I/O.

• Measure network I/O.

• Measure firewalling and routing throughput.

• Map client bandwidth usage.

• Match / correlate system symptoms with likely problems.

• Estimate throughput and identify bottlenecks in a system including networking.

• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:iostat, iotop, vmstat, netstat, ss, iptraf, pstree, ps, w, lsof, top, htop, uptime, sar, swap, processes blocked on I/O, blocks in, blocks out

- 200.2 Predict Future Resource Needs (weight: 2)

• Use monitoring and measurement tools to monitor IT infrastructure usage.

• Predict capacity break point of a configuration.

• Observe growth rate of capacity usage.

• Graph the trend of capacity usage.

• Awareness of monitoring solutions such as Icinga2, Nagios, collectd, MRTG and Cacti

• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: diagnose, predict growth, resource exhaustion

1.2. Topic 201: Linux Kernel

- 201.1 Kernel components (weight: 2)

• Kernel 2.6.x, 3.x and 4.x documentation
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /usr/src/linux/, /usr/src/linux/Documentation/, zImage, bzImage, xz compression

201.2 Compiling a Linux kernel (weight:3)

• /usr/src/linux/
• Kernel Makefiles
• Kernel 2.6.x, 3.x and 4.x make targets
• Customize the current kernel configuration.
• Build a new kernel and appropriate kernel modules.
• Install a new kernel and any modules.
• Ensure that the boot manager can locate the new kernel and associated files.
• Module configuration files
• Use DKMS to compile kernel modules.
• Awareness of dracut
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: mkinitrd, mkinitramfs,make, make targets (all, config, xconfig, menuconfig, gconfig, oldconfig, mrproper, zImage, bzImage, modules, modules_install, rpm-pkg, binrpm-pkg, deb-pkg), gzip, bzip2, module tools, /usr/src/linux/.config, /lib/modules/kernel-version/, depmod, dkms.

- 201.3 Kernel runtime management and troubleshooting (weight: 4)

• Use command-line utilities to get information about the currently running kernel and kernel modules.
• Manually load and unload kernel modules.
• Determine when modules can be unloaded.
• Determine what parameters a module accepts.
• Configure the system to load modules by names other than their file name.
• /proc filesystem
• Content of /, /boot/ , and /lib/modules/
• Tools and utilities to analyse information about the available hardware
• udev rules
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /lib/modules/kernel-version/modules.dep, module configuration files in /etc/, /proc/sys/kernel/, /sbin/depmod, /sbin/rmmod, /sbin/modinfo, /bin/dmesg, /sbin/lspci, /usr/bin/lsdev, /sbin/lsmod, /sbin/modprobe, /sbin/insmod, /bin/uname, /usr/bin/lsusb, /etc/sysctl.conf, /etc/sysctl.d/, /sbin/sysctl, udevmonitor, udevadm monitor, /etc/udev/

1.3. Topic 202: System Startup

- 202.1 Customizing system startup (weight: 3)

• Systemd

• SysV init

• Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB)

• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:/usr/lib/systemd/,/etc/systemd/,/run/systemd/, systemctl, systemd-delta, /etc/inittab, /etc/init.d/, /etc/rc.d/, chkconfig, update-rc.d, init and telinit

- 202.2 System recovery (weight: 4)

• BIOS and UEFI
• NVMe booting
• GRUB version 2 and Legacy
• grub shell
• boot loader start and hand off to kernel
• kernel loading
• hardware initialisation and setup
• daemon/service initialisation and setup
• Know the different boot loader install locations on a hard disk or removable device.
• Overwrite standard boot loader options and using boot loader shells.
• Use systemd rescue and emergency modes.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: mount, fsck (inittab, telinit and init with SysV init), The contents of /boot/, /boot/grub/ and /boot/efi/, EFI System Partition (ESP), GRUB, grub-install, efibootmgr, UEFI shell, initrd, initramfs, Master boot record, systemctl

- 202.3 Alternate Bootloaders (weight: 2)

• SYSLINUX, ISOLINUX, PXELINUX
• Understanding of PXE for both BIOS and UEFI
• Awareness of systemd-boot and U-Boot
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:syslinux, extlinux, isolinux.bin, isolinux.cfg, isohdpfx.bin, efiboot.img, pxelinux.0, pxelinux.cfg/, uefi/shim.efi, uefi/grubx64.efi

1.4. Topic 203: Filesystem and Devices

- 203.1 Operating the Linux filesystem (weight: 4)

• The concept of the fstab configuration
• Tools and utilities for handling swap partitions and files
• Use of UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems
• Understanding of systemd mount units
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:/etc/fstab, /etc/mtab, /proc/mounts, mount and umount, blkid, sync, swapon, swapoff

- 203.2 Maintaining a Linux filesystem (weight: 3)

• Tools and utilities to manipulate and ext2, ext3 and ext4
• Tools and utilities to perform basic Btrfs operations, including subvolumes and snapshots
• Tools and utilities to manipulate XFS
• Awareness of ZFS
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:mkfs (mkfs.), mkswap, fsck (fsck.), (tune2fs, dumpe2fs and debugfs), (btrfs, btrfs-convert), (xfs_info, xfs_check, xfs_repair, xfsdump and xfsrestore), (smartd, smartctl)

- 203.3 Creating and configuring filesystem options (weight: 2)

• autofs configuration files
• Understanding of automount units
• UDF and ISO9660 tools and utilities
• Awareness of other CD-ROM filesystems (HFS)
• Awareness of CD-ROM filesystem extensions (Joliet, Rock Ridge, El Torito)
• Basic feature knowledge of data encryption (dm-crypt / LUKS)
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:/etc/auto.master, /etc/auto.[dir], mkisofs, cryptsetup

1.5.Topic 204: Advanced Storage Device Administration

- 204.1 Configuring RAID (weight: 3)

• Software RAID configuration files and utilities
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:mdadm.conf, mdadm, /proc/mdstat, partition type 0xFD

- 204.2 Adjusting Storage Device Access (weight: 2)

• Tools and utilities to configure DMA for IDE devices including ATAPI and SATA
• Tools and utilities to configure Solid State Drives including AHCI and NVMe
• Tools and utilities to manipulate or analyse system resources (e.g. interrupts)
• Awareness of sdparm command and its uses
• Tools and utilities for iSCSI
• Awareness of SAN, including relevant protocols (AoE, FCoE)
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: hdparm, sdparm, nvme, tune2fs, fstrim, sysctl, /dev/hd, /dev/sd, /dev/nvme, iscsiadm, scsi_id, iscsid and iscsid.conf, WWID, WWN, LUN numbers

- 204.3 Logical Volume Manager (weight: 3)

• Tools in the LVM suite
• Resizing, renaming, creating, and removing logical volumes, volume groups, and physical volumes
• Creating and maintaining snapshots
• Activating volume groups
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /sbin/pv, /sbin/lv, /sbin/vg*, mount, /dev/mapper/, lvm.conf

1.6. Topic 205: Networking Configuration

- 205.1 Basic networking configuration (weight: 3)

• Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
• Configuring basic access to wireless networks
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:ip, ifconfig, route, arp, iw, iwconfig, iwlist

- 205.2 Advanced Network Configuration (weight: 4)

• Utilities to manipulate routing tables
• Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
• Utilities to analyse the status of the network devices
• Utilities to monitor and analyse the TCP/IP traffic
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:ip, ifconfig, route, arp, ss, netstat, lsof, ping, ping6, nc, tcpdump, nmap

- 205.3 Troubleshooting network issues (weight: 4)

• Location and content of access restriction files
• Utilities to configure and manipulate ethernet network interfaces
• Utilities to manage routing tables
• Utilities to list network states.
• Utilities to gain information about the network configuration
• Methods of information about the recognised and used hardware devices
• System initialisation files and their contents (Systemd and SysV init)
• Awareness of NetworkManager and its impact on network configuration
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:ip, ifconfig, route, ss, netstat, /etc/network/, /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/, ping, ping6, traceroute, traceroute6, mtr, hostname, System log files such as /var/log/syslog, /var/log/messages and the systemd journal, dmesg, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts, /etc/hostname, /etc/HOSTNAME, /etc/hosts.allow, /etc/hosts.deny

1.7.Topic 206: System Maintenance

- 206.1 Make and install programs from source (weight: 2)

• Unpack source code using common compression and archive utilities.
• Understand basics of invoking make to compile programs.
• Apply parameters to a configure script.
• Know where sources are stored by default.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /usr/src/, gunzip, gzip, bzip2, xz, tar, configure, make, uname, install, patch

- 206.2 Backup operations (weight: 3)

• Knowledge about directories that have to be included in backups
• Awareness of network backup solutions such as Amanda, Bacula, Bareos and BackupPC
• Knowledge of the benefits and drawbacks of tapes, CDR, disk or other backup media
• Perform partial and manual backups.
• Verify the integrity of backup files.
• Partially or fully restore backups.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /bin/sh, dd, tar, /dev/st* and /dev/nst*, mt, rsync

- 206.3 Notify users on system-related issues (weight: 1)

• Automate communication with users through logon messages.
• Inform active users of system maintenance
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:/etc/issue, /etc/issue.net, /etc/motd, wall, shutdown, systemctl

2. Mục tiêu bài thi 202

2.1.Topic 207: Domain Name Server

-  207.1 Basic DNS server configuration (weight: 3)

• BIND 9.x configuration files, terms and utilities
• Defining the location of the BIND zone files in BIND configuration files
• Reloading modified configuration and zone files
• Awareness of dnsmasq, djbdns and PowerDNS as alternate name servers
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/named.conf, /var/named/, rndc, named-checkconf, kill, host, dig.

- 207.2 Create and maintain DNS zones (weight: 3)

• BIND 9 configuration files, terms and utilities
• Utilities to request information from the DNS server
• Layout, content and file location of the BIND zone files
• Various methods to add a new host in the zone files, including reverse zones
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /var/named/, zone file syntax, resource record formats, named-checkzone, named-compilezone, masterfile-format, dig, nslookup, host

- 207.3 Securing a DNS server (weight: 2)

• BIND 9 configuration files
• Configuring BIND to run in a chroot jail
• Split configuration of BIND using the forwarders statement
• Configuring and using transaction signatures (TSIG)
• Awareness of DNSSEC and basic tools
• Awareness of DANE and related records
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/named.conf, /etc/passwd, DNSSEC, dnssec-keygen, dnssec-signzone

2.2. Topic 208: HTTP Services

- 208.1 Basic Apache configuration (weight: 4)

• Apache 2.4 configuration files, terms and utilities
• Apache log files configuration and content
• Access restriction methods and files
• mod_perl and PHP configuration
• Client user authentication files and utilities
• Configuration of maximum requests, minimum and maximum servers and clients
• Apache 2.4 virtual host implementation (with and without dedicated IP addresses)
• Using redirect statements in Apache’s configuration files to customize file access
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: access logs and error logs,  .htaccess, httpd.conf, mod_auth_basic, mod_authz_host and mod_access_compat, htpasswd, AuthUserFile, AuthGroupFile, apachectl, apache2ctl, httpd, apache2

- 208.2 Apache configuration for HTTPS (weight: 3)

• SSL configuration files, tools and utilities
• Generate a server private key and CSR for a commercial CA
• Generate a self-signed Certificate
• Install the key and certificate, including intermediate CAs
• Configure Virtual Hosting using SNI
• Awareness of the issues with Virtual Hosting and use of SSL
• Security issues in SSL use, disable insecure protocols and ciphers
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: Apache2 configuration files, /etc/ssl/, /etc/pki/, openssl, CA.pl, SSLEngine, SSLCertificateKeyFile, SSLCertificateFile, SSLCACertificateFile, SSLCACertificatePath, SSLProtocol, SSLCipherSuite, ServerTokens,, ServerSignature, TraceEnable

- 208.3 Implementing Squid as a caching proxy (weight: 2)

• Squid 3.x configuration files, terms and utilities
• Access restriction methods
• Client user authentication methods
• Layout and content of ACL in the Squid configuration files
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: squid.conf, acl, http_access

- 208.4 Implementing Nginx as a web server and a reverse proxy (weight: 2)

• Nginx
• Reverse Proxy
• Basic Web Server
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/nginx/, nginx

2.3. Topic 209: File Sharing

- 209.1 Samba Server Configuration (weight: 5)

• Samba 4 documentation
• Samba 4 configuration files
• Samba 4 tools and utilities and daemons
• Mounting CIFS shares on Linux
• Mapping Windows user names to Linux user names
• User-Level, Share-Level and AD security
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: smbd, nmbd, winbindd, smbcontrol, smbstatus, testparm, smbpasswd, nmblookup, samba-tool, net, smbclient, mount.cifs, /etc/samba/, /var/log/samba/

- 209.2 NFS Server Configuration (weight: 3)

• NFS version 3 configuration files
• NFS tools and utilities
• Access restrictions to certain hosts and/or subnets
• Mount options on server and client
• TCP Wrappers
• Awareness of NFSv4
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/exports, exportfs, showmount, nfsstat, /proc/mounts, /etc/fstab, rpcinfo, mountd, portmapper

2.4.Topic 210: Network Client Management

- 210.1 DHCP configuration (weight: 2)

• DHCP configuration files, terms and utilities
• Subnet and dynamically-allocated range setup
• Awareness of DHCPv6 and IPv6 Router Advertisements
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: dhcpd.conf, dhcpd.leases, DHCP Log messages in syslog or systemd journal, arp, dhcpd, radvd, radvd.conf

- 210.2 PAM authentication (weight: 3)

• PAM configuration files, terms and utilities
• passwd and shadow passwords
• Use sssd for LDAP authentication
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:/etc/pam.d/, pam.conf, nsswitch.conf, pam_unix, pam_cracklib, pam_limits, pam_listfile, pam_sss, sssd.conf

- 210.3 LDAP client usage (weight: 2)

• LDAP utilities for data management and queries
• Change user passwords
• Querying the LDAP directory
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:ldapsearch, ldappasswd, ldapadd, ldapdelete

- 210.4 Configuring an OpenLDAP server (weight: 4)

• OpenLDAP
• Directory based configuration
• Access Control
• Distinguished Names
• Changetype Operations
• Schemas and Whitepages
• Directories
• Object IDs, Attributes and Classes
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:slapd, slapd-config, LDIF, slapadd, slapcat, slapindex, /var/lib/ldap/, loglevel

2.5. Topic 211: E-Mail Services

- 211.1 Using e-mail servers (weight: 4)

• Configuration files for postfix
• Basic TLS configuration for postfix
• Basic knowledge of the SMTP protocol
• Awareness of sendmail and exim
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: Configuration files and commands for postfix, /etc/postfix/, /var/spool/postfix/, sendmail emulation layer commands, /etc/aliases, mail-related logs in /var/log/

- 211.2 Managing E-Mail Delivery (weight: 2)

• Understanding of Sieve functionality, syntax and operators
• Use Sieve to filter and sort mail with respect to sender, recipient(s), headers and size
• Awareness of procmail
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: Conditions and comparison operators, keep, fileinto, redirect, reject, discard, stop, Dovecot vacation extension

211.3 Managing Mailbox Access (weight: 2)

 

• Dovecot IMAP and POP3 configuration and administration
• Basic TLS configuration for Dovecot
• Awareness of Courier
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/dovecot/, dovecot.conf, doveconf, doveadm

2.6. Topic 212: System Security

212.1 Configuring a router (weight: 3)

• iptables and ip6tables configuration files, tools and utilities
• Tools, commands and utilities to manage routing tables.
• Private address ranges (IPv4) and Unique Local Addresses as well as Link Local Addresses (IPv6)
• Port redirection and IP forwarding
• List and write filtering and rules that accept or block IP packets based on source or destination protocol, port and address
• Save and reload filtering configurations
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /proc/sys/net/ipv4/, /proc/sys/net/ipv6/, /etc/services, iptables, ip6tables

212.2 Managing FTP servers (weight: 2)

• Configuration files, tools and utilities for Pure-FTPd and vsftpd
• Awareness of ProFTPd
• Understanding of passive vs. active FTP connections
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: vsftpd.conf, important Pure-FTPd command line options

- 212.3 Secure shell (SSH) (weight: 4)

• OpenSSH configuration files, tools and utilities
• Login restrictions for the superuser and the normal users
• Managing and using server and client keys to login with and without password
• Usage of multiple connections from multiple hosts to guard against loss of connection to remote host following configuration changes
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: ssh,  sshd, /etc/ssh/sshd_config, /etc/ssh/, Private and public key files, PermitRootLogin, PubKeyAuthentication, AllowUsers, PasswordAuthentication, Protocol

- 212.4 Security tasks (weight: 3)

• Tools and utilities to scan and test ports on a server
• Locations and organisations that report security alerts as Bugtraq, CERT or other sources
• Tools and utilities to implement an intrusion detection system (IDS)
• Awareness of OpenVAS and Snort
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: telnet, nmap, fail2ban, nc, iptables

- 212.5 OpenVPN (weight: 2)

• OpenVPN
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities: /etc/openvpn/, openvpn

Lưu ý: Mỗi mục tiêu được gán một giá trị trọng số. Trọng số cho biết tầm quan trọng tương đối của từng mục tiêu trong kỳ thi. Các mục tiêu có trọng số cao hơn sẽ được đề cập trong kỳ thi với nhiều câu hỏi hơn.

Để sẵn sàng kỹ năng làm việc cũng như kiến thức để thi chứng chỉ Quốc tế, tham khảo lộ trình học LPIC1 và LPIC2 tại: https://bkacad.edu.vn/khoa-hoc-quan-tri-he-thong-linux-lpi-cod97.html